Natural stone isn’t an aesthetic choice. It’s a material choice that carries with it structural considerations and maintenance requirements. Choosing natural stone requires understanding the material prior to being attracted to a sample. Most stone flooring failures begin with poor planning or overlooked details.
Five things to know before using natural stone
The following practices highlight the key decisions in selecting and using natural stone:
1. Choose the right stone for its use
The selection of natural stone for flooring should take into consideration the use and durability of the stone. Granite and quartzite stones work well where there is heavy traffic because they resist scratching, whereas marble and limestone require regular maintenance since they are sensitive to acids. When selecting stones for fireplace surroundings, it is important to note that they must be heat-resistant; therefore, slate and granite are preferable, while marble should be avoided around fireplaces.
2. Consider the finish and visual appearance of the stone
Smooth finishes will reflect light better and have a higher shine, whereas rough finishes are softer in their appearance and can hide surface imperfections. The lighting also plays an important role in determining how the stone will look, and you should view the stone under similar lighting to the room where it will be installed. Large format tiles will cut down on the amount of visible grout and make the room appear larger, especially with stones that have bold veining, such as Calacatta marble.
3. Understand sealing and maintenance
Even when sealed, natural stones need regular maintenance. Penetrating sealers reduce moisture absorption and help prevent staining by slowing how liquids enter the stone, although they don’t last forever. Floors in busy areas are expected to be resealed annually, while floors in less busy areas can be resealed at intervals that might suit their use. A water test will determine how effective a seal is. If the water is absorbed into the surface rather than forming beads, resealing is required.
4. Assess structural requirements before installation
Natural stone is heavier compared to ceramic and porcelain and needs to have the floor below appropriately supported. In case the substructure does not provide sufficient support, cracking and joint failure might eventually happen. Generally, a minimum deflection of L/360 is needed for most projects. However, additional structural support might be required depending on material thickness. The subfloor needs to be inspected before choosing the materials.
5. Inspect full slabs before purchasing
A small sample cannot demonstrate all of the variability that may occur in stone. There can be significant differences in color, veining, and texture from slab to slab. What seems subdued on a small sample might prove dramatic when spread out across a room or wall surface. It is always wise to look at full slabs under lighting like the eventual site and compare them with adjoining materials.
Conclusion
Natural stone provides longevity and value if used properly. The key is less aesthetics and more in selection, preparation, maintenance, and inspection before installation. Proper renovation starts with logical thinking, not simply the desire to make the building look good.
